Sunday, November 8, 2015

Reduplication

The golf course in Mandaluyong, Manila is called the Whack-Whack Golf Course. 

I think this is an example of a feature of many Asian languages called Full Reduplication.  All the Filipino languages have it (kàon-káon "eat-eat"; hìbî-híbî "cry-cry"; tinlò-tinlò "clean-clean" are examples in Hiliganon (often, though mistakenly called "Illongo"). A motorcycle cab with a sidecar is called a "tuk-tuk" in many Asian countries.  You can hear Japanese and Thais say "same-same" when speaking English, I assume this comes from their root of the word "same", and is typical of how reduplication is used - for emphasis. Wikipedia is a wiki, and all wiki's get their name from the Hawaiian "wiki-wiki", which means quick, really quick!

I don't think Mandarin has reduplication, except for kinship (叔叔 shūshu - uncle who is younger than after and 伯伯 bóbo for an uncle who is older) but I could easily be wrong. The Italian for "take it easy" is "piano-piano" (softly, softly). 

There are other kinds of reduplication such as partial reduplication ("tick-tock" ) and rhyming reduplication ("dazzle-dazzle", hanky-panky"), baby reduplication (mama, papa, baba), and onomatopoeia reduplication ("bow-wow"). Except for "bye-bye", which could be characterized as baby reduplication, I can't think of an English full reduplication. I'm not sure if "knock-knock" counts since it's from knock-knock jokes which themselves come from the passwords needed when gaining access to a hidden speakeasy bar during alcohol prohibition in the 1930s. 

"Whack Whack" sounds funny to Americans, like it should be a mini-golf course, mostly because it sounds like baby talk. Similarly "same-same" sounds funny to Filipinos. It seems all legit when put into language context. 

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduplication

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